Here comparative transcriptomic analyses of Penicillium oxalicum grown on wheat bran (WB), WB plus rice straw (WR) and WB plus Avicel (WA) as the sole carbon source under solid-state fermentation (SSF) revealed that most of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in metabolism specifically carbohydrate metabolism. Overall design: Identification of key transcription factors regulating cellulase and hemicellulase in solid-state fermentation of Penicillium oxalate HP7-1 by differential transcriptome analysis