This 3-year project investigates language change in five urban dialects of Northern England—Derby, Newcastle, York, Leeds and Manchester. The main goal of the project is to assess evidence for claims in recent literature concerning the extent to which these dialects are becoming increasingly alike or dissimilar over time. Much recent research has suggested that distinctive features of Northern English dialects are being displaced by competing Southern forms, or lost as a consequence of contact among neighbouring Northern dialects. In addition, this study will examine how individuals’ attitudes toward language use in the context of local social and economic factors may shape change in these dialects. In addressing these questions, the research team will quantitatively examine language use in corpora of conversational speech from each of these cities, and examine these results alongside data on speakers’ perceptions of language usage. The first four dialects were chosen as varieties for which the research team has access to existing corpora. Manchester was included as a major urban variety for which no carefully sampled corpus of spoken English currently exists. In studying these five varieties, this project will contribute to current research, a large-scale comparative investigation of language change in Northern England.

Linguistic analysis of speech data (conversational, word list) from samples of different northern English urban communities. Data collection consisted of interviews, which included (1) some structured questions about the interviewee and their experience of the city, (2) an informal, unstructured chat, and (3) a word list, which participants were asked to read out loud. Two types of data files: (1) spontaneous: was collected by telling the pairs they could talk about whatever they wanted, but giving them some sheets with sample questions on to give them some ideas; and (2) ethnographic: participants were asked a number of questions.