Transcriptome profiling of Octopus nervous systems and associated structures provides insights into the molecular organization of neuronal complexity and behavioral flexibility. RNA-seq also highlights molecular diversity in cell signaling pathways. Overall design: Ninety five transcriptomes from Octopus bimaculoides tissues and cells are included. Sixty one transcriptomes are neuronal tissues, including individual lobes of the brain, the optic lobes, stellate ganglia, and arm cords. There are at least three replicates of each neural tissue, except for the subesophageal lobes, which wwas divided into anterior, middle, and posterior regions with a single replicate of each. Thirty four transcriptomes are from non-neuronal tissues including representatives from circulatory, digestive, endocrine, reproductive, integumentary, and visual systems/tissues. All transcriptomes were run on Illumina platforms: either HiSeq3000 or NextSeq500