Map shows mean surface air temperature anomaly; vertical profile indicates zonally averaged ocean temperature anomaly in response to a ~0.22 Sv Antarctic meltwater pulse at ~14.6 ka. The multi-model mean is calculated by averaging the respective anomalies obtained from the Bern3D, LOVECLIM, and COSMOS models (Methods). White-purple dashed and purple solid lines show the annual mean extent of 20-cm thick sea ice for 14.8 ka and 14.6 ka, respectively, simulated by the LOVECLIM model. Note that freshwater forcing (a) causes surface cooling, an increase in zonally averaged sea-ice extent (b) and averaged subsurface warming between 800-1200 m and 63° S - 70° S (c).