Sediment cores were collected aboard the RV/IB Nathaniel B. Palmer in 2019 along the Thwaites Glacier ice front in the eastern Amundsen Sea. A Kasten corer, jumbo gravity corer, and a megacorer were used to collect seafloor sediments. As part of the ITGC Thwaites Offshore Research project, proxy data were collected from these sediment records to understand recent glacial history in a rapidly changing area of Antarctica. Datasets include density, magnetic susceptibility, CT scans, shear strength, water content, pebble counts, sediment grain size distribution, grain roughness coefficients, clay mineral data, Pb-210 ages, and uncalibrated radiocarbon ages. Data are presented in the article, Synchronous retreat of Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers in response to external forcings in the presatellite era, in the Proceedings of the National Academy (DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211711120).