Neutron spectroscopy is applied to study bones exposed to anaerobic burning or fossilisation. The results thus obtained will complement previous data gathered by the team on skeletal remains burned in an aerobic setting, through combined INS, FTIR and Raman (already published [1-6]) and neutron diffraction, with a view to provide an improved understanding of the chemical and microcrystallinity variations undergone by bone upon heating or fossilisation events. Particular emphasis is given to the impact of the environmental conditions on these processes, and to the information provided by the hydroxyl vibrational bands. This is an innovative way of tackling transformations in bone, aiming at the development of a quantitative method for profiling skeletal remains subject to extreme diagenetic processes which is expected to have a high impact in forensic and bioanthropological sciences.