To describe the developmental stages of internally brooded larvae of the scleractinian cold-water coral Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) huinayensis, a total of 20 parent polyps were collected in 2014, 2015, and 2019. Scientific SCUBA divers chiseled the polyps from the substrate at three sites—X-Huinay (42.386883°S, 72.462867°W), X-Telele (42.279183°S, 72.462867°W), and Liliguapi (42.162833°S, 72.596467°W)—at depths of 20–30 m in Comau Fjord, southern Chile. This dataset provides the environmental conditions at the time the corals were collected.