Spina Bifida - “split spine” in Latin - is the most common birth defect with 0.2 % occurrence worldwide. It is due to foetus’ spine failing to close during the first month of pregnancy, resulting in the exposure of nerves to the amniotic fluid, with permanent consequences affecting both cognitive and psychometric capacities. Our goal is to design, synthesize, and characterise biocompatible microgels based on the bioactive polysaccharide chitosan, which would adhere to the spina bifida opening to form tough and highly flexible protective wound dressing that seals the nerves from the amniotic fluid. We propose a small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) study to investigate the morphology as well as the nanostructure of chitosan-based microgels, as the mesh size is known to be of critical importance for both the macroscopic elastic properties and the cell interactions of the materials.