We measured the algal storage polysaccharide laminarin and particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations extracted from particulate organic matter collected during six cruises to the Arctic in 2016 and 2017, North Atlantic, Peru upwelling, Canary upwelling, meridional Atlantic transect, in the Raunefjorden near Bergen, and during two time series in the North Sea near the island Helgoland, resulting in a total of over 250 samples from 51 stations. The majority of samples were taken in surface waters between 0 and 40 m depth. Only in the two Arctic and the North Atlantic datasets, samples were obtained from water depths of 350 m below the surface. In parts of the sample set we additionally determined particulate organic nitrogen, chlorophyll a, protein or lipid concentrations.