This dataset contains qualitative survey data on workplace related variables and adherence to treatment. The dataset was used for a study on the relationship between work-related factors and adherence to treatment among people with a chronic condition. The dataset was compiled based on multiple questionnaires, as part of the Dutch National Panel of the Chronically ill and Disabled. The dataset contains self-reported data from 309 individuals with one or more chronic illnesses, who have paid work and use medication. Variables include several background variables (e.g. age, sex, level of education, number of chronic conditions), work-related variables (type of contract, hours of work, level of physical job demands, level of psychological job demands, employment type and limitations at work) and treatment adherence data (adherence to treatment appointments and to medication). Data on inclusion at work is available for the subset of people working for an employer (n=255) and data on medication self-efficacy of available for a subset of 114 participants. Data collection took place between November 2020 and July 2022. The following validated instruments are available in the dataset: The Perceived Group Inclusion Schale (PGIS, specified for the work context), the Self-Efficacy for Appropriate Medication Use Scale (SEAMS, with additional work-related questions) and The Partners in Health (PiH) scale.