This data set includes a series of surface temperature images for each of the 35 flights, which were performed between 02.10.2019 and 23.04.2020 during the MOSAiC expedition. There is one file for every flight. The flights can be identified by the event-related Device Operation label or Flight ID. The images have a temporal resolution of 1 Hz. The spatial resolution depends on the flight altitude and the incidence angle of the camera and can be tens of centimeters for the highest spatial resolution. The surface temperature is derived from the measured brightness temperature with a constant emissivity of 0.996. All data are ice drift corrected and georeferenced as well as provided with longitude and latitude coordinates. In addition, the position data of the helicopter as well as image corrections are included.