Our dataset comprises standardized records of vascular plants, ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), and spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) collected at 768 sampling points across 29 sites in Alpine and Apennine high-elevation landforms (1,875–3,120 m a.s.l.). These sites were sampled during a 13-year period (2010–2023). Using a unified protocol for vegetation surveys, pitfall trapping, and soil analyses, we recorded 587 species: 388 plants, 71 ground beetles, and 128 spiders. Specimens are stored at MUSE – Science Museum of Trento (Trento, Italy) and at the Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali "Enrico Caffi" (Bergamo, Italy). Environmental metadata include GPS coordinates, elevation, grain-size distribution, pH, organic carbon content, and carbonate percentage. Biological data underwent quality control and taxonomic validation. Biodiversity and environmental parameters for each sampling point across different landform types are provided. Data and metadata are deposited in the PANGAEA repository under CC-BY-4.0, enabling reproducible analyses of biodiversity patterns along high-elevation gradients and supporting conservation assessments under climate change, glacier retreat, and permafrost thaw.