The transcriptome sequences of 10 species of the Arundinoideae subfamily (NCBI Taxonomy ID: 156631) of Poaceae were obtained using Illumina HiSeq2000. The transcriptomes were assembled using Trinity. The resulting transcriptomes have been annotated by Blast and used for the phylogenomic reconstruction of the evolutionary relationships among seven species/accessions from the Arundo genus (tribe Arundineae) and three outgroups from the Molinieae tribe.