This dataset presents high resolution palynological records from the Gushantun peat bog (42°18'22.1 N, 126°16' 57.7 E, 506m) in Northeast China. Peat samples of 1 cm3 were subsampled at 1 cm intervals for pollen analysis. Fossil pollen was concentrated using a standard acid–alkali digestion procedure. Each sample was treated with 10% hydrochloric acid (HCl) to remove carbonates, followed by 10% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to eliminate humic acids. Silicates were dissolved using hydrofluoric acid (HF), and concentrated HCl was applied to remove fluoride byproducts. The residues were then sieved through a 10 µm mesh with ultrasonic agitation to isolate pollen grains. Pollen were identified and counted using an Olympus BX53 microscope at ×400 magnification. The dataset spans the Younger Dryas and provides pollen percentages along with corresponding depths and ages, achieving an average temporal resolution of approximately 20 years.