The aim of this proposal is to elucidate the impact on the long- and short-range of defects accumulation induced by alteration in the stoichiometry of Li-rich layered oxide as well as lithium extraction/insertion in the electrochemical charge/discharge in lithium batteries (LIBs) by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS).