This dataset includes plant, soil and environmental measurements and subsequent estimations, from a greenhouse study aiming to evaluate predawn plant-soil disequilibrium (PDD) and physiological response in seedlings of two mediterranean Quercus subjected to progressive drought. The dataset is the result of five sampling events, performed at weekly intervals in spring of 2023, on 76 potted 2-year-old seedlings of Quercus ilex and Quercus suber. Plants were potted in pairs of the same species, being both measured for plant water status and leaf gas exchange. The ecophysiological values for each pot represent the average measurements taken from the two plants within a pot. Plant data was compared to soil and environmental data obtained using different types of probes. The dataset also includes the survival rates of the individuals by the fifth sampling date.