Nano-FFA: Ink Formulation and Process Optimization in Multiphoton 3D Laser Printing Using Full Factorial Analysis [data]

DOI

Multiphoton 3D laser printing (MPLP) offers a unique combination of sub-micron resolution, geometrical freedom, and property variability. While this technique opens an extensive parameter space to develop new materials, it poses a significant challenge to disentangle and optimize the interrelated effects of chemical composition, process parameters, and resulting material properties. In this context, data analysis through full factorial analysis (FFA) can serve as a crucial tool for the systematic examination of how multiple factors interact and influence the final material properties of 3D printed microstructures, resulting in the identification of key parameters. In this work we propose a three-step approach, called ‘nano-FFA’, that involves: (1) evaluation of the printability of selected inks via scanning electron microscopy (SEM); (2) characterization of 3D printed structures using nanoindentation and vibrational spectroscopy; and (3) identification of interactions between ink formulation and printing parameters via FFA. Three scenarios have been investigated using the three-step nano-FFA approach: Scenario I focuses on the effect of the photoinitiator concentration. Scenario II examines the influence of different photoinitiator species and Scenario III evaluates the effect of the crosslinker. Across all scenarios, a significant interaction is observed between ink composition—i.e. photoinitiator concentration, photoinitiator type, and crosslinker—and the laser power (LP) printing parameter. This finding demonstrates that the properties of the final structures can be tailored by precisely selecting these two factors. The results of this study highlight the value of integrating statistical data analysis methods, such as FFA, into 3D printing material optimization toolboxes. Implementation of this new nano-FFA approach can provide a practical method for streamlining ink formulation and process optimization in MPLP, allowing rational ink development over a wide range of applications.

Identifier
DOI https://doi.org/10.11588/DATA/5G4P3G
Related Identifier IsSupplementTo https://doi.org/10.1039/D5NR02899J
Metadata Access https://heidata.uni-heidelberg.de/oai?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_datacite&identifier=doi:10.11588/DATA/5G4P3G
Provenance
Creator Vazquez-Martel, Clara ORCID logo; Catt, Samantha ORCID logo; Blasco, Eva ORCID logo
Publisher heiDATA
Contributor Vazquez-Martel, Clara
Publication Year 2025
Funding Reference DFG via the Excellence Cluster “3D Matter Made to Order” EXC-2082/1-390761711 ; Carl Zeiss Foundation Carl-Zeiss-Foundation-Focus@HEiKA
Rights CC BY 4.0; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
OpenAccess true
Contact Vazquez-Martel, Clara (Heidelberg University)
Representation
Resource Type Dataset
Format application/zip; text/plain
Size 1552741; 43539; 571; 146227970
Version 1.0
Discipline Chemistry; Natural Sciences; Polymer Materials; Polymer Research