In this proposal, we seek to explore the crystal chemical environment of intercalated lithium in three related Nb-based oxide materials in order to resolve a mechanistic understanding of high-rate energy storage. Three transition metal oxides, T-Nb2O5, H-Nb2O5, and Ti2Nb10O29, are model examples of high-rate layered, conventional shear, and high-rate shear structures. Neutron diffraction of these compounds with various degrees of inserted lithium will clarify the relationship between the electrochemical properties and structural features. It is our objective to interpret the structures at various points of lithiation to better understand the mechanism of high-rate energy storage; this is all toward the goal of realising high-capacity and high-power in a single device.