This data repository includes data, R data analysis scripts and output from the scripts for the manuscript “Low temperature triggers sociality in a facultatively social bee”. The folder “Data” contains data from field work “April_sampling.xlsx” where each row corresponds to one nest and its contents. The .gpx file contains the sampling locations of the nests. The file “behavioural_experiment.xlsx” contains data from the behavioural experiment in climate chambers explained in the manuscript. Each row is one observation of an individual. The file “measurements_bees.xlsx” contains the wing length measurements of the individuals from the experiment. The folder “bio_dataset_monthly” contains weather data used to make supplementary figure S4. The folder “Statistics” contains output from all models run during the statistical analysis, as well as objects of large size (e.g., posterior draws), such that these analyses do not need to be fully rerun when running the R-script. The R-script “behavioural_experiment_statistics.R” contains all analyses conducted in the manuscript. The working directories need to be adjusted to replicate the analyses.