This dataset contains shotgun metagenomics data produced from twelve fermented vegetables: four cabbages (sauerkraut), four carrots and four turnips (sauerruben). Samples mixed in saline sterile water were pelleted, nucleic acids were extracted, and shotgun sequenced using theIllumina NovaSeq plateform. Taxonomic assignment of the raw reads was performed, raw reads were processed to reconstruct metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) in order to predict prophage sequences in the MAGs. Predicted prophages were classified and compared with known viral sequences. These data were further characterized during the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) Metasimfood project (https://www.metasimfood.inrae.fr/) in order to describe the microbial and temperate phage compositions of fermented vegetables, and are subsequently made publicly available for academic research purpose on fermented foods.