Time-series data of physical oceanography, ocean current velocity, nutrient biogeochemistry, molecular biology, and carbon/particle export were obtained from mooring CAO2-01 in the Amundsen Basin of the central Arctic Ocean in August 2023 – September 2024. The mooring was deployed during RV POLARSTERN expedition PS138 and recovered during PS144. The attached archive contains raw data files of 5 Seabird SBE37 MicroCATs (nominal depths: 26m, 200m, 267m, 3796, 4291; sampling interval 30min or 1h), one upward-looking RDI Workhorse 300 kHz ADCP (nominal depth: 46m; sampling interval 30min), two AADI RCM11 current meter (nominal depths: 215m, 3796m; sampling interval 1h), one Wetlabs ECO PAR sensor (nominal depth: 26m; sampling interval 1h), one Wetlabs ECO Triplet fluorometer (nominal depth: 26m; sampling interval 2h), two Satlantic SUNA nitrate sensors (nominal depths: 26m, 267m; sampling interval 4h), two Sunburst SAMI-pCO2 sensors (nominal depths: 26m, 267m; sampling interval 1h) and two Sunburst SAMI-pH sensors (nominal depths: 26m, 267m; sampling interval 3h). The Sunburst SAMI-pH sensor SN193 had a power issue and did not collect any data. The mooring also included two McLane RAS water samplers (nominal depths: 26m, 267m), an ASL AZFP Acoustic Zooplankton Fish Profiler (nominal depth: 155m), a bio-optical trap (nominal depth: 870m), and two sediment traps (nominal depths: 214m, 3795m). Auxiliary information, such as sensor calibration sheets, mooring diagrams, and schedule files, is also provided, if applicable.

The authors are grateful to the captains, crews, and technical/scientific staff of the expeditions PS138 and PS144 onboard RV Polarstern. Many individuals have contributed to the conception of the research, the preparation of the instruments, the deployments and recoveries, as well as to the retrieval of the data, which we greatly appreciate. We acknowledge support from the Helmholtz infrastructure program Frontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring, the Marine Umweltrobotik und Sensorik für nachhaltige Erforschung und Management der Küsten, Meere und Polarregionen infrastructure program, and the Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar und Meeresforschung. This mooring contributed to the Arctic PASSION project.