Expedition 351 of the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) recovered a 1461 m-long sedimentary sequence of Amami-Sankaku Basin (ASB) that records the volcanic eruptions related to the subduction of the Pacific lithospheric plate under the Philippine Sea plate. In this expedition, 25 sediment samples were collected for onshore microbiological analyses (qPCR and high-throughput sequencing) at selected depths, until 880 m below seafloor (mbsf).