During expeditions organized by Lomonosov Moscow State University, as part of the Training-through-Research program, samples of bottom sediments of the Barents and Kara seas were selected. In the work areas, comprehensive geological and geophysical surveys were carried out, as well as microbiological studies of samples. Based on the results of NGS profiling for the 16S rRNA gene, the distribution of groups of microorganisms in bottom sediments was studied using statistical methods.