This dataset contains non-normalized transcriptional data, data for global mapping of 16S rRNA gene sequences belonging to the genus Methylobacter, using the Earth microbiome project data, and scripts for analyzing these and other supplementary data (physiological data) for the publication: "Thermal acclimation of methanotrophs from the genus Methylobacter", currently in revision. The physiological data and associated descriptions of results and methods are only available together with the publication at the journal webpage.

Abstract: Methanotrophs oxidize most of the methane (CH4) produced in natural and anthropogenic ecosystems. Often living close to soil surfaces, these microorganisms must frequently adjust to temperature change. While many environmental studies have addressed temperature effects on CH4 oxidation and methanotrophic communities, there is little knowledge about the physiological adjustments that underlie these effects. We have studied thermal acclimation in Methylobacter, a widespread, abundant, and environmentally important methanotrophic genus. Comparisons of growth and CH4 oxidation kinetics at different temperatures in three members of the genus demonstrate that temperature has a strong influence on how much CH4 is consumed to support growth at different CH4 concentrations. However, the temperature effect varies considerably between species, suggesting that how a methanotrophic community is composed influences the temperature effect on CH4 uptake. To understand thermal acclimation mechanisms widely we carried out a transcriptomics experiment with Methylobacter tundripaludum SV96T. We observed, at different temperatures, how different relative abundances of transcripts for glycogen and protein biosynthesis relate to cellular glycogen and ribosome concentrations. Our data also demonstrated transcriptional adjustment of CH4 oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation, membrane fatty acid saturation, cell wall composition, and exopolysaccharides between temperatures. Additionally, we observed changes in cell sizes. We conclude that thermal acclimation in Methylobacter results from transcriptional adjustment of central metabolism, and storage. Acclimation leads to large shifts in CH4 consumption and growth efficiency, but with major differences between species. Thus, thermal acclimation can substantially influence global CH4 cycling, both through physiological adjustments within single species, and community shifts triggered by climate change.

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