Labeled images of middle Eocene, ca 40 million years ago (Ma), radiolarians, including other microfossils, other particles, broken fragments etc... The radiolarians in this dataset are classified into species, genus, family, superfamily or higher order levels. This dataset was used for a PhD project and in a paper titled: Convolutional neural network application on a new middle Eocene radiolarian dataset, to train a Resnet50 convolutional neural network, with an accuracy of about 86.6 %.