This dataset of 10 files (D1 to D10) provides all data used to perform the model simulations, the reconstructed modern climate from pollen samples collected in Morocco and the related modern pollen samples. More specifically here follows the description of each file from D1 to D10: D1-prcMEAN1901_1930.dat is the modern monthly precipitation with additional 300mm all throughout Northern Africa, distributed over the summer months, used for the vegetation model simulation in figure 2a. D2-prcMEAN1901_1930.dat is the modern monthly precipitation with additional 300mm for the vegetation model simulation in figure 3a. This dataset includes additional 300mm precipitation below 18°N during the summer season, above 24°N during the winter season, and a progressive transition of the additional 300mm between 18°N and 24°N (see table S2). D3-biomeMEAN1901_1930.res corresponds to the simulated biomes values using HADCM3 climatology (figure 1b). D4-nppmthMEAN1901_1930.res corresponds to the simulated NPP values using HADCM3 climatology (figure 1c). D5-biomeMEAN1901_1930.res corresponds to the biomes values using precipitation scenario for the second CARAIB simulation (figure 2b). D6-nppmthMEAN1901_1930.res corresponds to the NPP values using precipitation scenario for the second CARAIB simulation (figure 2c). D7-biomeMEAN1901_1930.res corresponds to the biomes and NPP values using precipitation scenario for the third CARAIB simulation (figure 3b). D8-nppmthMEAN1901_1930.res corresponds to the NPP values using precipitation scenario for the third CARAIB simulation (figure 3c). D9-surf_data.csv is the modern pollen data set used for reconstructing the modern precipitation in Morocco (figure S5). D10-surf_prc.csv is the modern pollen-based reconstruction of precipitation (figure S5).