This data set represents the raw data findings from the AeN Fram Centre (MIKON) experiment exposing wild-caught polar cod (Boreogadus saida) adults to the water-soluble fraction (WSF) of crude oil or control conditions and either at a low or high feed ration over their spawning and post-spawning period. Samples were taken during late gonadal development, during active spawning, and in the post-spawning period. The experimental set-up consisted of oiled-rock columns to simulate an oil spill by delivering decreasing aqueous levels of oil compounds over time. The adult polar cod were captured in Southeastern Hinlopen (78° 55'N, 23° 40'E) in November 2017 and transferred to the aquaculture research station of UiT in Kårvika, Norway (69°23'N, 18°10'E) where they were acclimatized to laboratory conditions for one year before the experiment began. The experiment lasted 131 days and during this time, samples were taken on day 0, day 47, and day 131. Morphometric, histological, gene expression, PAH metabolite, and steroid hormone endpoints were measured. In addition to the data from the fish samples, this data set includes PAH levels in the water throughout the experiment, PAH levels in eggs retrieved from females at day 47, and tank conditions during the experiment. In addition, a subset of polar cod was sampled to determine the dry somatic weight to wet somatic weight ratio for polar cod, this data is also included. This work was supported by the Research Council of Norway under Grant 276730 (Nansen Legacy), Grant 248840 (dCod 1.0: decoding systems toxicology of Atlantic cod), and Grant 228107 (Research Centre for Arctic Petroleum Exploration), the Fram Centre (MIKON) under Project PARENTOX (2020) and Sensitivity of sexually matured polar cod (Boreogadus saida) to the water-soluble fraction of crude oil under low and high food regimes (2019).

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