This data set contains four files with data obtained from the 135 cm-long short core LFRI19-3 recovered from Lago Frías (41,053833 S, 71,796333 W; 790 m asl). The core was collected in April 2019 with a 60 mm UWITEC gravity corer.Physical and chemical data: All analyses were carried out with 1 cm spatial resolution. Total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) analyses were otbained with a CNS analyzer (EuroEA, Eurovector). As the lake and its catchment area is carbonate-free, TC equals total organic carbon (TOC) in this case. The TOC/TN ratio is provided for information about the origin of organic matter. Dry density and water content were measured with volumetric samples using syringes by weighing before and after dreeze-drying. Grainsize analyses were carried out using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer (Beckman Coulter LS 200) after destruction of organic matter with hydrogen peroxid.Magnetic susceptibility data: All analyses were carried out with 4 mm spatial resolution and a Bartington MS2 magnetic susceptibility meter equipped with a MS2E sensor.XRF core-scanning data: All analyses were carried out with 1 mm spatial resolution and an ITRAX XRF core scanner (Cox Analytics) with a Molybdenum tube (5 s, 30 kV, 45 mA). The reliable elements shown are K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Rb, Sr and Zr and provided as counts (cts).Varve data: Varve thickness was obtained by analysing greyscale variations of high-resolution radiographies obtained by CT scanning and employing the BMPix and PEAK tools (Weber et al., 2010) for normalising, recognition and counting of these proglacial clastic laminations. Varve thickness data is given in mm per year (mm/yr) versus depth and ages in years of common era (CE). Additionally, the error of varve counting is provided in years for each value.