Many studies reported that the nutrient level significantly affect the microbiota structure of fish gut. After the ingestion of feed, the nutrient composition of gastrointestinal tract contents was dynamic during the protein metabolism. How about this change of the nutrient composition of gastrointestinal tract contents for the microbiota structure? Firstly, we proved that the trial fish were carrying out the normal digestive physiological activities through the change characteristics of physiological and biochemical indexes. Secondly, we analyzed the distribution characteristics and succession rules of the gastrointestinal microbiota structure of trial fish through 16S rDNA high throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. All results reflected that the main gastrointestinal microbiota played the synergistic effect in the energy accumulation of host. These will provide a reference for the development of high-efficiency compound feed formula and improving feed efficiency from the regulation of gastrointestinal tract microecology for trial fish.