A 30 minute film that highlights the comparative role of women in conflict settings; the film was put together using interview data with women participants in various locations in Bayelsa and Rivers states, including sights and sounds of the area. Conflicts in the Niger Delta have reached a political brink that has attracted significant concerns and responsiveness at both local and international levels. Women in the Niger Delta have played a key role in organising important protests and are referred to continuously in relation to the adoption of nonviolence. Grievances expressed by women in the Delta region are typically concerned with environmental degradation and underdevelopment. Ogoni women, for example, have experienced, first-hand, the violent reprisals instigated by the Nigerian security forces. Yet, the women's' voices within the context of the nonviolent aspect of the conflict are absent in the literature. This project addresses two questions: What are the conflict related experiences of the Ijaw and Ogoni women? What future roles could the women in the Niger Delta play to advance the nonviolence agenda? It highlights the comparative roles of the women in conflict settings. The roles played by women to address oil-related environmental issues need to be brought at the fore of discussions on development in the region. Specifically, these gendered implications are important for development particularly in explaining the 'how' and 'why' within the differing trajectories of the movements in the oil producing areas of Nigeria. This postdoctoral fellowship builds on my PhD thesis, which critically examined the comparative experiences of the Ogoni non-violent movement and the Ijaw violent movement. It explored the various strategies employed in expressing grievances over oil resources in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. My Doctoral study established that although the Ogoni and the Ijaw share similar lived experiences, they are not fighting a common cause. Rather, they are each fighting context specific battles that are constructed and framed by particular and specific communities. The important discourses embedded in each community's context specific battle were explained within the context of the strategic logic. Scholarship on the Niger Delta tends to conflate the two distinct conflicts into one single movement of opposition and resistance, which undermines the Ogoni and the Ijaw. In contrast, I offer a new context and analysis to how each community constructs conflicts and reacts differently to actions and inactions of the Nigerian state. However, at the same time, my PhD research revealed the almost entirely absent voices of the women who, in most discussions and analyses were referred to continuously in relation to the adoption of nonviolence. Understanding how the perspectives of women have shaped movements in both regions have been overlooked in the literature on resources-based conflicts in the Niger Delta, it is an important area of analysis, and central to the objectives on this fellowship. This proposed postdoctoral fellowship seeks to enhance my professional development as an early career researcher, allowing me to disseminate my PhD research findings to a wide range of academic and non-academic audiences, build new professional networks, and explore new avenues of research identified in my doctoral project. Although much research has been carried out on resource-based conflict in the Niger Delta, an important observation revealed in my PhD research was that the voices of women are almost entirely absent in most analyses. This fellowship will therefore offer me a rare opportunity to engage with the gendered aspects of my PhD findings in much greater detail. Using participatory video - an innovative methodology increasingly used in community development and anthropological research, the proposed fellowship will enable women involved in my study to participate in the research process, convey their perceptions and experiences of resource-based conflict. The findings should have important policy implications, and will stimulate public engagement and debate in Nigeria and the United Kingdom, which will be an important objective of the fellowship. In the process of exploring this new research, the fellowship will provide the ideal opportunity to acquire new research skills, develop a publication profile, identify new research opportunities and develop new proposals for continuing work, and build networks to develop impact opportunities and inform as well as support my career development.

Women in the Niger Delta, in particular, Ogoni, Ijaw and Ogbia women are the subject’s studied in this project. The project activities were carried out in various locations in Bayelsa and Rivers states, in the South South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Women in the region have played a key role in organising important protests Ogoni women, for example, have experienced, first-hand, the violent reprisals instigated by the Nigerian security forces along with Shell multinational as counterparts. Participants were recruited using snowballing sampling with the support of key contacts including, trusted leaders and non-governmental organisations I worked with during my PhD research. In order to produce the video on ‘Bringing Women’s Voices back In: Gender and Oil Conflicts in the Niger Delta, Nigeria’, three field trips to Nigeria were undertaken for two weeks each and followed by a one week dissemination visit at the end of the fellowship. During the initial visit, one week was spent with each women group, during which a one day preliminary workshop was held with identified participants to discuss the project, train the women to use the video cameras and answer any questions they had. Three days were spent engaging with and recording the women’s experiences and a one day video screening/group discussion was held during which each group had an initial look at the video recordings for their comment and approval. Being a woman myself, I participated in the actual recordings but, the participants decided on what information they were willing to share, in terms of the choice of nonviolence and violence in the conflicts. The footage captured during the fieldwork was edited at the Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, United Kingdom and was presented to the participants during a one week trip back to Nigeria for their final approval and consent. Participatory video was used as a documentation tool, to document local Niger Delta women's conflict related experiences from their own perspectives in their own voices. A method that actively engaged my participants, built trust and at the same time embowed them with new skills. It broke down illiteracy barriers using voice and visuals, and was successfully adapted to local ways of cultural representation. It created a more equitable relationship between my research participants and myself. Special care was taken when interviewing and filming marginalised groups at the community level. Securing these women’s involvement was particularly important to achieving the aims of my fellowship research. Participants were required to give their informed consent before taking part in the research, and had the right to withdraw at any time. I was especially mindful of cultural, religious, gendered and other significant differences within the research population in the planning, conducting and reporting of the research.