We collected blood samples from 12 individuals corresponding to 6 species of penguins (Spheniscus mendiculus, Spheniscus humboldt, Spheniscus magallanicus, Pygoscelis papua, Pygoscelis adeliae and Pygoscelis antarctica) inhabiting geographical areas from the tropic to the south pole. We extracted DNA from each blood sample and we sequenced those DNA samples with the aim to obtain the genome of each individual. Since penguins inhabiting regions with extreme climatic features, we evaluate genetic diversity, mainly in temperature related genes, to search for selection signatures result of climate selective pressure.