The dataset contains raw data and the script associated to the publication of Billaud et al. (2024) "Unveiling Pepper Immunity’s Robustness to Temperature Shifts: Insights for Empowering Future Crops" published by William BILLAUD, Judith HIRSCH, Valentin RIBAUT, Lucie TAMISIER, Anne MASSIRE, Marion SZADKOWSKI, Félicie LOPEZ-LAURI, Benoît MOURY, Véronique LEFEBVRE. This study aimed at proposing estimators of the robustness of immunity in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). We examined robustness of the mean of immunity and robustness of the variation of immunity, as well as the deviation from the orthogonal regression (〖ODR〗_(S_i )) estimator, delivering a total of nine quantitative robustness estimators. We characterized the immunity of an INRAE core collection of accessions representative of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) natural diversity, to two major pathogens, the oomycete Phytophthora capsici Leon. and potato virus Y. For each pathogen, the immunity of accessions was measured in two environments contrasted for temperature. The results showed that for each type of robustness and each pathogen, the impact of temperature change on immunity varied between accessions. The robustness estimators proved to be complementary and differed in terms of their heritability and ability to discriminate between accessions. A positive and significant correlation was observed between immunity and robustness. There was no significant relationship between the robustness of immunity to the two pathogens but some accessions showed both high immunity and high robustness against both pathogens. These results justified the need to consider both immunity and its robustness to environmental variations in order to select varieties adapted to current and future climate change. Robustness is also an important component of the value of sustainable cultivation and use, and should be considered when registering future varieties.

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