This dataset contains measurements and calculations from an experiment assessing the use of nutrient-rich fishpond sediments (FPS) as a growth medium for arugula (Eruca vesicaria). Sediments from extensively and semi-intensively managed ponds were mixed with soil at low and high ratios, alongside a control with inorganic fertilizer. The dataset includes plant growth metrics (shoot length, shoot and root biomass, root-to-shoot ratio, yield), nutrient use efficiency, and economic data (profit margins). The data allow evaluation of sediment fertilization effectiveness, nutrient cycling, and the integration of aquaculture and agriculture for sustainable crop production.