The present study investigates the cross-sectional associations of dietary patterns with two indicators of mental health, depressive symptoms and levels of optimism, in a sample of patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI). The elucidation of these associations is particularly relevant in these post-MI patients, as previous studies have shown that both poor mental health and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality might be affected by dietary patterns. The results of our study showed inverse associations between healthy dietary patterns and depressive symptoms, as well as a positive association between healthy dietary patterns and dispositional optimism. In particular, the consumption of fruits and vegetables appears to be related to better mental health in patients with a history of myocardial infarction.