Vegetation is a crucial component of the ecosystem, regulating the exchange of carbon and water between the surface and the atmosphere through biological processes such as evaporation and photosynthesis. However, a reliable global product for vegetation photosynthetic physiology was still lacking. In this study, we developed a global vegetation fluorescence emission efficiency (eF) by combining TROPOMI Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and MODIS reflectance observations. The eF data were computed by normalizing SIF using absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (iPAR) and canopy greenness (fluorescence-corrected vegetation index, FCVI), providing a proxy related to vegetation photosynthetic physiology. The eF product was provided at a global scale, with a daily temporal resolution and a spatial resolution of 0.05°. The dataset spanned from 1 May 2018 to 29 February 2024, following the availability of high-quality TROPOMI SIF observations. In addition to the original eF product, a temporally smoothed eF dataset was also provided to facilitate the analysis of seasonal dynamics and long-term trends.