This dataset was obtained through field sampling conducted at two key research stations: the Ansai Comprehensive Soil and Water Conservation Experimental Station (Chinese Academy of Sciences) and the Shanxi Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station. It encompasses ecological parameters from mixed forests in China's Loess Plateau during 2023-2024, including shrub and herbaceous plant diversity, litter quality (C/N ratio, biomass), bulk density, organic carbon stocks, and stability indices. These data provide fundamental support for elucidating plant-soil interactions and assessing carbon sequestration potential in afforested ecosystems, contributing to research on sustainable forest management and climate change mitigation.