This dataset includes compound-specific stable hydrogen isotope (δ2H) measurements of fatty acids extracted from the Gushantun peat bog (42°18'22.1 N, 126°16' 57.7 E, 506m). Total lipid extracts were obtained from 1–2 g of freeze‑dried peat samples using a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol (DCM:MeOH = 9:1, v/v) in a Dionex ASE 350 Accelerated Solvent Extractor at the Biomarker and Sedimentology Laboratory, Eawag (Dübendorf, Switzerland). Fatty acids were isolated from the total lipid extract by saponification, followed by acidification and methylation using methanol of known hydrogen isotopic composition. The resulting fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were purified using AgNO3‑silica gel columns (~10 wt% loading). Compound‑specific δ²H values of the purified FAMEs were determined via pyrolysis GC‑IRMS using a Thermo TRACE GC Ultra coupled to a Thermo Delta V Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer via a GC Isolink interface, operated in pyrolysis mode, at the Stable Isotope Ecology Laboratory, University of Basel (Basel, Switzerland).