We present the rock magnetic and paleomagnetic data set from Site U1553 (including Holes A, B & E) recovered during IODP Expedition 378 in the southern Campbell Plateau (South Pacific) (Röhl et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.378.2022). Stepwise natural remanent magnetization (NRM) demagnetization were conducted on ~600 discrete paleomagnetic samples and the Characteristic Remanent Magnetization (ChRM) directions and intensities were determined. All samples were assigned a polarity rating follow the protocol of Zhang and Ogg (2003) (https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(03)00034-7). Fifteen magnetozones were identified and compared to the Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale (GPTS2020; DOI: 10.1016/C2020-1-02369-3). This paleomagnetic age model agrees with microbiostratigraphy age model of Site U1553. Rock magnetic data, from the isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM), first order reversal curve (FORC), and low temperature thermomagnetic measurements are used to identify the iron minerals in the sediments. IRM unmixing and endmember analysis were performed, the results of which align with other rock magnetic measurements and show four main components of low to very high coercivity. The primary magnetization carrier was titanomagnetite. We also did statistical analysis of sedimentary and diagentic factors for NRM interpretability to assess the to which extent the sedimentary and diagentic affect the magnetization signals in the sediments.