This data collection contains experimental data that support nine publications on the core processes involved in social learning, in particular the role of emotion as a critical variable during implicit learning of subtle social cues. For each publication, a zip file contains experimental data files and a readme file that describes the content of the data files and how these are interpreted within the manuscript. Data were collected from participants’ responses to stimuli on a computer screen. Previous research has investigated visuomotor processes, demonstrating that visual information is automatically converted in to action, and that these action states activated by vision can feedback and influence subsequent visual processes. Thus there is a bi-directional relationship from vision-to-action and from action-to-vision. The research will test the novel hypothesis that emotional reactions are central to these processes: more specifically, the feedback from body motor states to visual processes only influences the latter if they are accompanied by positive or negative emotional reactions. To examine this we intend to employ the technique of recording facial muscle activity via EMG as a measure of implicit/non-conscious emotional reactions. The main goals are: 1. to establish EMG as a direct and implicit measure of emotional reactions during visuomotor processes. 2. to demonstrate that body states activated via prior visuomotor processes determine the perception of other people in terms of assigning personal traits and levels of trust, when emotional reactions are evoked. 3. to use converging techniques which explicitly evoke body states associated with positive or negative emotions. 4. to examine whether recording of EMG can be used as a new measure of implicit non-conscious memory retrieval.

Data were collected from participants’ responses to stimuli on a computer screen (event related designs). The data sets within each folder (and hence publication) focus on different response formats and include reaction times (RTs), response accuracy, measures of muscle reactivity, ratings of trustworthiness of face image stimuli, and ratings of characteristics of image stimuli. For details, please see the accompanying ReadMe files in addition to the relevant publications. The included folders for each of the manuscripts and data are as follows: (1) Strachan, J. W., & Tipper, S. P. (2016). Examining the durability of incidentally learned trust from gaze cues. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1-16. The zip file '2016_Strachan_Tipper_QJEP.zip' contains data (and a ReadMe file) for the four experiments reported in the paper. Each experiment has 2 data files that consist of behavioural response measures such as RTs, errors and ratings of trustworthiness. (2) Strachan, J. W., Kirkham, A. J., Manssuer, L. R., & Tipper, S. P. (2016). Incidental learning of trust: Examining the role of emotion and visuomotor fluency. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition. The zip file '2016_Strachan_et_al_JEPLMC.zip' contains data (and a ReadMe file) for the five experiments reported in the paper. Each experiment has 2 data files that consist of behavioural response measures such as RTs, errors and ratings of trustworthiness. (3) Pawling, R., Kirkham, A.J., Tipper, S.P., & Over, H. (2016). Memory for incidentally perceived social cues: Effects on person judgment. British Journal of Psychology. The zip file '2016_Pawling_et_al_BJP.zip' contains data (and a ReadMe file) for the three experiments reported in the paper. All data comprises of behavioural measures such as RTs, errors, and ratings of trustworthiness. (4) Manssuer, L.R., Roberts, M.V., & Tipper, S.P. (2015). The late positive potential indexes a role for emotion during learning of trust from eye-gaze cues. Social Neuroscience. The zip file '2015b_Manssuer_et_al_SocNeuro.zip' contains data (and a ReadMe file) for the experiment reported in the paper. Data comprises of RTs, blocked experimental measures, consistency measures and ratings of trustworthiness. (5) Manssuer, L.R., Pawling, R., Hayes, A.E., & Tipper, S.P. (2015). The role of emotion in learning trustworthiness from eye-gaze: Evidence from facial electromyography. Cognitive Neuroscience. The zip file '2015_Manssuer_et_al_CogNeuro.zip' contains data (and a ReadMe file) for the experiment reported in the paper. Data comprises of RTs, muscle activity measures, and ratings of trustworthiness. (6) Kirkham, A.J., & Tipper, S.P. (2015). Spatial compatibility interference effects: a double dissociation between two measures. Visual Cognition, 23(8), 1043–1060. The zip file '2015_Kirkham_Tipper_VisualCognition.zip' contains data (and a ReadMe file) for the experiment reported in the paper. Data in the files comprises of measures of RTs (standard and binned), errors, and physiological measures. (7) Kirkham, A.J., Pawling, R., Hayes, A.E., & Tipper, S.P. (2015). Facial Mimicry and Emotion Consistency: Influences of Memory and Context. PLOS ONE. The zip file '2015_Kirkham_et_al_PlosOne.zip' contains data (and a ReadMe file) for the two experiments reported in the paper. These comprise a total of five data files and includes RTs, errors, and physiological measures. (8) Pawling, R., Kirkham, A.J., Hayes, A.E., & Tipper, S.P. Incidental Retrieval of Prior Emotion Mimicry. Under Review. The zip file '2016_Pawling_et_al_UnderReview.zip' contains data (and a ReadMe file) for the tasks reported in the paper. The data contains measures of muscle activity. (9) Strachan, J. W., Kirkham, A. J., Manssuer, L. R., Over, H., & Tipper, S. P. Incidental learning of trust from eye gaze: Effects of race and facial trustworthiness. Under Review. The zip file '2016b_Strachan_et_al_UnderReview.zip' contains data (and a ReadMe file) for the experiment reported in the manuscript. The collection contains 4 data files that consist of response measures such as RTs, errors, muscle activations, and ratings of trustworthiness.