Polyelectrolytes are unique among polymers because of their good solubility in aqueous solutions. Numerous commercial applications have been developed using such materials, mostly related to their capabilities of modifying flow and stability properties of aqueous solutions and gels. Generally, the small angle neutron scattering (SANS) intensity I(Q) obtained from polyelectrolyte solutions are characterized by the presence of an interaction peak. This characteristic peak is related to the correlation length and the liquid ordering of polyions in solution. In addition to these characteristic peaks, an upturn is observed in the low Q region. This low Q upturn in SANS spectra is repeatedly observed for all types of ionic macromolecule systems including polyelectrolytes, DNA and protein solutions. [2] It has been found that the upturn in I(Q) cannot be predicted by any existing liquid theories or computer simulations. As this upturn is related to the stability and structure formation of a variety of ionic macromolecules in aqueous media, understanding the origin of this phenomenon is critical for future development.