In this study,a endolithic sandstone sample was collected in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (Victoria Land, East Antarctica) during the K020 expedition, in January 2013. 16S small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene was initially amplified using the universal primer prokaryotic pair of primers and then sequenced by pyrosequencing technology, using Roche/454 sequencing technology . The endolithic community was dominated by Cyanobacteria and Actinobacteria followed by lower abundances of Chloroflexi and Proteobacteria .