Fungal communities were assessed in a metacommunity of Sarracena purpurea carnivorous pitchers using 454 sequencing. Community data were supplemented with laboratory competition assays and targeted sampling of three yeast species using species-specific PCR primers. Data include an operational taxonomic unit (OTU) table with assigned taxonomy of each sequenced sample in Qiime 1.3.0 format, the mapping file (including location and successional time data) associated with sequenced samples, and a .fasta file containing a representative sequence for each OTU. Additionally, there is are tab-delimited text files containing colony counts before and after a competition experiment with three selected pitcher yeast species, location and sampling time data for all studied pitchers, and presence/absence data for the three selected yeast species in all studied pitchers. These data are cited in the following paper: Boynton PJ, Peterson CN, Pringle A (2019) Superior dispersal ability can lead to persistent ecological dominance throughout succession. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 85:e02421-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02421-18.