This dataset compiles recommendations made by international election observation missions (EOMs) in five countries (Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Liberia, and Uganda) between 2002 and 2018. It is based upon reports produced by the following organisations: the European Union, the Commonwealth, the Carter Centre, the National Democratic Institute, the International Republican Institute, the African Union, the Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa. Reports were accessed through the ACE Election Observation Portal, or (when missing) from the relevant organisation's website. The dataset contains the following information for each recommendation: 1. Identifying features (including election year, country, and observer group); 2. Characteristics of the recommendation (coding based upon Martinez i Coma, Nai & Norris, Democratic DIffusion: How Regional Organizations Strengthen Electoral Integrity, Policy Report, December 2016). * Stage, * Scope, * Specificity, * Timing, * Actors, * Mechanisms, * Changes. NB: two options were added to the characteristics framework developped by Martinez i Coma et al.: ""international community"" for the Actor variable; and ""behaviour change"" for the ""Mechanism"" variable; 3. Extent of implementation (assessed based upon subsequent EOM reports, additional desk research, and short fieldwork when necessary). This dataset was produced between 2019 and 2020 by Eloïse Bertrand, with support from Susan Dodsworth and Jamie Hitchen. This was done as part of a project funded by the Westminster Foundation for Democracy (WFD), with input from Tanja Hollstein and Graeme Ramshaw.

This dataset compiles recommendations made by international election observation missions (EOMs) in five countries (Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Liberia, and Uganda) between 2002 and 2018. It is based upon reports produced by the following organisations: the European Union, the Commonwealth, the Carter Centre, the National Democratic Institute, the International Republican Institute, the African Union, the Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa. Reports were accessed through the ACE Election Observation Portal, or (when missing) from the relevant organisation's website.