A helium filled tethered balloon was operated from an ice floe next to RV Polarstern during leg 1 to 3 of the MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition. The balloon was operated with modular instrumentation. This is a dataset of the hot-wire anemometer package providing turbulence measurements on 34 days between 2019-12-06 and 2020-05-06 (during polar night and spring). The dataset includes vertical profiles of wind turbulence measurements up to typically around 600 m (~200 m to ~1400 m). In addition to the hot-wire anemometer package, a meteorological tethersonde was operated that served as a reference. For processing and calibration details see Akansu et al. (in preparation). All vertical profiles and its respective calibration references are summarized in an overview table. Error-prone temperature data is flagged.