286 datasets found

All concentrations were originally given in eq/l and were converted to mol/l with the following factors: Cl, K, Na, NH4, NO3 -> factor 1; Ca, Mg, SO4 -> factor 0.5.

The present study was conducted during the Arctic Century 2021 Expedition, which took place from 5 August to 6 September 2021 with the icebreaker RV "Akademik Tryoshnikov" and...

The SnowMicroPen (SMP) is a portable device for high-resolution in-situ measurements of penetration resistance in snow and can be correlated to snow microstructure (density,...

The IceCube is a commercial instrument manufactured by A2 Photonic Sensors that provides specific surface area (SSA). The IceCube measures hemispherical reflectance of a snow...

Snow stratigraphy measurements, including snow grain type & size and layer thickness & hardness, were obtained doing classical snow pits during the ALERT2018 campaign in...

Snow density measurements were obtained doing classical snow pits during the ALERT2018 campaign in May 2018 over the sea ice in the Lincoln Sea. Snow pits were taken at...

The IceCube is a commercial instrument manufactured by A2 Photonic Sensors that provides specific surface area (SSA). The IceCube measures hemispherical reflectance of a snow...

Snow temperature measurements were obtained doing classical snow pits during the ALERT2018 campaign in May 2018 over the sea ice in the Lincoln Sea. Snow pits were taken at...

Snow salinity measurements were obtained doing classical snow pits during the ALERT2018 campaign in May 2018 over the sea ice in the Lincoln Sea. Snow pits were taken at...

Cylindrical snow and ice samples of radii 44 mm, 68 mm, 88 mm and a maximum height of 110 mm were taken from the field using a cylindrical drill and transported to the ship in...

In the designated snowpits on the MOSAic expedition a 100cm3 sample of snow was measured for density in the field, approximately every 3 vertical centimetres. The same snow...

In the designated snowpits, 100cm3 of snow was collected in the field, melted and measured for salinity in the laboratory on board Polarstern. Salinity of the melted snow...

For bulk snow samples, we collected the full snow column (snow surface to ice surface). First, the depth of snow was measured with a ruler. Next, a measured area of the snow...

Dielectric permittivity (ε′) and dielectric loss (ε″) measurements were made of discrete snow layers and at fixed vertical intervals. Measurements were made using the Stevens...

We used a regular foldable wooden ruler to measure the height of the snow and the SSL. The ruler was also used for height readings for all other measurements. 0 cm is the...

A density cutter of fixed volume (100 cm3) and known weight was used to measure the density profile of snow/SSL in 3 cm intervals. The height of the sampled volume was recorded...

The snow temperature was measured using a waterproof thermometer with a needle probe. A ruler was used to determine the measuring height. 0 cm indicates the snow-ice interface....

SWE is the amount of water contained within the snowpack. To determine SWE, the snow depth and density are required. Snow depth (HS) is related to SWE by the local bulk density...

For the majority of snowpits the snow surface type was recorded by the observer. The documented surface types include; new snow, rime, surface hoar, glazed, drifted snow, wet,...

A NIR camera allows a measurement of the reflectance of the snow profile wall to identify layers of snow grains with different specific surface area (SSA) with a spatial...