This dataset summarizes the following physicochemical parameters assessed for 32 soil samples sieved to <2 mm from 16 shallow soil profiles, which were sampled in two depth intervals (0–15 and 15–30 cm): CIELAB soil colour, spectrophotometric redness index, electrical conductivity, soil pH, contents of organic carbon, organic phosphorus and total phosphorus, proportion of organic phosphorus in total phosphorus, calcium carbonate content, geochemical proxies for (de)calcification and (de)salinization, and contents of total and poorly crystalline pedogenic iron oxides. Constituting a soil chronosequence at the south-central coast of the Atacama Desert, four shallow soil profiles were sampled from each of the four morphostratigraphic units of the coastal alluvial fan Paposo (25.03°S/70.47°W). Results are stored in a .csv table.