During the 2018 BICOSE 2 cruise of RV Pourquoi Pas ? (Cambon-Bonavita 2018, https://doi.org/10.17600/18000004), alvinocaridid shrimps were sampled in two deep-sea hydrothermal vent fields: Snake Pit and TAG (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). Stable isotope ratios and elemental contents of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur of 251 samples belonging to different life stages of 4 shrimp taxa were measured. Samples were identified and frozen at -80°C on board, then brought back to the laboratory for processing. They were prepared for analysis at the LEP (Laboratoire Environnement Profond, Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, France; https://wwz.ifremer.fr/deep_eng/). Analytical measurements were performed at University of Liège (Belgium)’s stable isotope facility (Laboratory of Oceanology, Stable Isotope in Environmental Sciences and Trophic Ecology workgroup, http://labos.ulg.ac.be/oceanologie/recherches/isotopes-stables/). Results of the analysis of the dataset for two of the shrimp species are published in: Methou, P., Michel, L., Segonzac. M., Cambon-Bonavita, M.-A., Pradillon, F. (2020). Integrative taxonomy revisits the ontogeny and trophic niches of Rimicaris vent shrimps, Royal Society Open Science. The dataset consists of two files: one containing the data itself, and one describing all used terms (measurements or metadata).