The samples consisted of 132 Javanese, 109 Toraja, and 100 Chinese (Mage = 14.02 years). This study investigated how bilingual and bicultural adolescents use their languages and how this relates to affective well-being in Indonesia, a non-Western, multicultural context. We tested a mediation model in which language usage is linked to affective well-being directly and indirectly through vocabulary knowledge.
Data consists score of PANAS, picture naming test scores on national and ethnic language, and both national and ethnic language usage.
Data was taken in Indonesia in Java and Sulawesi in high schools. Respondents are between 12-19 years old.