This dataset is a Level 2 dataset of tethered balloon-borne turbulence observations during the MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition. A tethered balloon system was launched from an ice floe near RV Polarstern and operated with a hot-wire anemometer package, providing turbulence measurements on 34 days between December 2019 and May 2020 (during polar night and spring). The dataset includes 47 sampling records of vertical profiles of turbulence measurements from the surface to a height of several hundred meters (between about 200 m and 1400 m) and measurements at a constant height. In addition to the hot-wire anemometer package, a tethersonde was operated and used as a reference. For processing and calibration details see Akansu et al. (2023).