This dataset contains raw data of survival (under normoxic and hypoxic conditions), metabolic rate and biochemical tests (protein, glycogen, glucose, lipid, and HSP) of fed and starved amphipods used for analyses and figures in the research described in the manuscript entitled: Changes in heat stress tolerance in a freshwater amphipod following starvation: the role of oxygen availability, metabolic rate, heat shock proteins and energy reserves. (2020) by Semsar-kazerouni, Boerrigter, and Verberk. In this paper, we examined if starvation changes patterns in heat tolerance, and if such changes can be explained from modifications in energy metabolism, energy reserves, production of heat shock proteins or susceptibility to oxygen limitation in the aquatic ectotherm Gammarus fossarum. Details about the experimental procedures are given in the Materials and Methods section of the paper. We have also included the R scripts for data analyses in this dataset. A brief description of the data files and column descriptions can be found below.